Seborrhoeic Dermatitis.

Introduction

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic dermatological disease characterized primarily by red, scaly and pruritic skin. It often occurs in areas with abundant sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face, chest and back. The disease can affect both infants and adults, with symptoms varying by age group.

Causes of seborrheic dermatitis

Genetic factors

Seborrheic dermatitis often runs in families, suggesting that genetics plays an important role in its development. Individuals with families with a history of skin diseases may be more likely to develop the condition.

Impact of hormones

Hormones, especially androgens, can affect the activity of sebaceous glands, which in turn can contribute to the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. For this reason, the condition often increases during periods of hormonal changes, such as puberty and menopause.

The role of Malassezia yeast

Malassezia yeasts are part of the natural microflora of the skin, but their excessive proliferation can lead to inflammation. It is thought that these bacteria may play a key role in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis.

Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis

Characteristic skin lesions include redness, itching and scaly skin. In infants, it often presents in the form of parched skin on the scalp, while in adults, symptoms can be more extensive and also include the face or chest.

Differences in symptoms in infants and adults

In infants, seborrheic dermatitis most often manifests as scaly, yellowish lesions on the scalp. In adults, on the other hand, the lesions may cover more extensive areas of the body, and the symptoms may be more troublesome, often associated with intense itching.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is usually based on clinical evaluation. A dermatologist can diagnose the disease based on characteristic symptoms and medical history. Sometimes it may be necessary to differentiate with other diseases, such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, which may show similar symptoms.

Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis

Pharmacological treatment

Pharmacological treatment often includes the use of steroid creams and ointments to help reduce inflammation and pruritus. Antifungal medications can also be effective in treatment, especially if Malassezia yeast is involved in the development of the disease.

Natural and home treatments

Many people look for natural ways to relieve symptoms, such as using herbs (such as aloe vera) or dietary supplements to support skin health. Dietary changes, such as limiting intake of simple sugars or saturated fats, can also be beneficial.

Skin care

Choosing the right cosmetics is crucial for people with seborrheic dermatitis. Products should be mild, non-comedogenic and contain no irritants. Regular hygiene and avoidance of alcohol-based cosmetics can help manage symptoms.

Preventing recurrences

Preventing recurrence of seborrheic dermatitis requires lifestyle changes. Regular stress management, a healthy diet and proper skin care can help keep the disease under control.

Seborrheic dermatitis vs. other conditions

Differences between seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis

Seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis share several common features, but differ in their pathogenesis and symptoms. Psoriasis is often characterized by thick, silvery scales and can involve nails and joints.

Relationship to other dermatological diseases

Seborrheic dermatitis can coexist with other dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, which can complicate diagnosis and treatment.

Summary

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic disease that requires regular follow-up and management. It is crucial to understand the causes and symptoms in order to effectively manage the disease. Patients should pay attention to lifestyle, skin care and avoid triggers.

FAQ

Is seborrheic dermatitis contagious?

No, seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious. It is a chronic skin condition associated with genetic and environmental factors.

What are the best shampoos for seborrheic dermatitis?

Shampoos containing antifungal ingredients, such as ketoconazole, and mild cleansers can help control symptoms on the scalp.