Infectious molluscum (Molluscum Contagiosum)
What is molluscum contagiosum?
Infectious molluscum, also known as Molluscum Contagiosum, is a viral infection of the skin that leads to the appearance of small, raised papules. The disease most often affects children, but can occur in any age group.
Definition and characteristics
Molluscum contagiosum manifests as pearly papules with a central depression. The lesions are generally painless, but may cause itching. They occur most often on the face, trunk and extremities.
Causative agents of the disease
The disease is caused by a virus from the Poxviridae family. Infection occurs through direct contact with infected skin or through contact with contaminated objects.
Symptoms of molluscum contagiosum
How to recognize skin lesions?
The skin lesions of molluscum contagiosum have a characteristic appearance: they are small, 2 to 5 mm in diameter, and often appear in groups. Central depression is a diagnostic feature.
Differences in symptoms in children and adults
In children, lesions are often multiple and can occur all over the body. In adults, they are usually limited to a few sites, often result from sexual contact and appear on the genitals, abdomen and thighs.
Causes and risk factors
How does infection occur?
Infection occurs through direct contact with a skin lesion or through contact with contaminated objects such as towels or clothing. The high infectivity of the virus makes it easily transmitted in home and school environments.
Who is most at risk?
The most vulnerable are children, immunocompromised people and those who participate in contact sports. People who use public swimming pools may also be at higher risk of infection.
Diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum
Diagnostic methods
Diagnosis is based mainly on the clinical appearance of the lesions. Dermatologists may use dermatoscopy to better view the structure of the lesions. In rare cases, a biopsy is necessary.
Differentiation with other skin diseases
Molluscum contagiosum should be differentiated from viral warts, which are rougher and lack a central depression. Also, infectious impetigo can be confused with molluscum, but has more purulent characteristics.
Treatment of infectious molluscum
Pharmacological treatment
Although infectious molluscum often resolves on its own, drug treatment may include topical agents with nitric oxide or salicylic acid.
Home remedies for infectious molluscum
Some people use natural methods, such as essential oils or apple cider vinegar. It is important to consult a doctor before starting home treatment.
When is medical intervention necessary?
Medical intervention is recommended if there are a large number of lesions, symptoms of secondary infection or no improvement after home treatment.
Prevention of infectious molluscum
Personal hygiene
Washing hands regularly, avoiding sharing personal items, and maintaining hygiene in public places are basic principles of prevention.
Precautions in public places
When using swimming pools, it is a good idea to wear your own towel and flip-flops. This reduces the risk of contact with the virus.
Complications and long-term effects
Possible complications
Although rare, secondary infections or scarring may occur after the lesions have resolved.
Impact on patient's quality of life
Skin lesions can be a source of emotional stress, especially in children and adolescents.
Molluscum contagiosum and the immune system
How does the disease affect immunity?
Although infectious molluscum does not directly affect the immune system, people with weakened immunity may experience a more severe course.
The importance of the immune system in fighting infection
A strong immune system can speed up the healing process and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Molluscum contagiosum in different age groups
Infants and children
In the youngest, lesions may be more extensive due to more frequent physical contact with infected objects or people.
Adults and the elderly
Adults may expose themselves to infection through sexual contact, while in the elderly, symptoms may be more severe due to a natural weakening of immunity.
Summary
Key information
Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin infection that usually resolves on its own. However, proper hygiene and awareness can help prevent and manage the disease.
When to seek medical help?
It is a good idea to consult a doctor if the skin lesions are numerous, do not resolve, or additional symptoms such as pain or infection appear.
Frequently asked questions
Is molluscum contagiosum contagious?
Yes, it is highly contagious and is easily transmitted through direct contact and contaminated objects.
What are the best treatment methods?
The best methods include both drug treatment and home remedies, depending on the severity of symptoms and patient preference.
