Lentigines (Lentigo)

Introduction

Lentigines, also known as lentigo, are skin lesions that occur in many people at different stages of life. They are characterised by being darker in colour than the surrounding skin and can appear in various locations on the body, most commonly on the face, hands and other parts of the body exposed to the sun. The name 'lentigines' comes from the Latin word 'lentigo', which refers to the lentil-like appearance.

History and origin of the name

The history of the term 'lentigo spot' dates back to antiquity, when various skin conditions were described in terms of their appearance. The name refers to lentils because of the similarity in shape and colour. Nowadays, lentigines spots are the subject of dermatological research to understand their formation and impact on skin health.

Types of lentigines spots

Senile lentigines

Old age lentigines spots are common in older people and are associated with skin ageing. They are usually flat, brown patches of varying sizes that appear on skin that has been exposed to the sun for many years. They often occur on the hands, arms and face.

Juvenile lentigines spots

Although less common, lentigines spots can also appear in younger people, which is known as juvenile lentigo. These lesions are usually smaller and may be related to genetics and individual predisposition.

Malignant lentigines

Malignant lentiginous spots, also known as lentigo maligna, are a rare form of lentiginous spots that can develop into melanoma. They require special dermatological attention and regular monitoring.

Causes and risk factors

Genetics and lentigines

Genetics play an important role in the development of lentigines spots. People with a fair complexion and a family history of these skin lesions are at higher risk of developing them. In addition, certain genetic mutations may increase susceptibility to the development of lentigines spots.

Impact of UV radiation

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the main factors leading to the development of lentigines spots. Prolonged exposure to the sun causes skin damage that leads to the appearance of pigmentary changes. Therefore, it is important to protect the skin from the sun with UV filter creams.

Other environmental factors

Other factors, such as environmental pollution, can also contribute to the formation of lentigines spots. Pollution can exacerbate the skin's ageing process, which promotes the development of such lesions.

Symptoms and diagnosis

How do you recognise a lentigines spot?

Lentigines spots are usually flat, brown patches that vary in size. They are well demarcated and usually do not change over time, which distinguishes them from other skin lesions such as moles.

Differences between lentigines spots and freckles

The main difference between lentiginous spots and freckles is their response to the sun. Freckles increase with sun exposure, whereas lentiginous spots remain relatively unchanged. Additionally, freckles tend to be smaller and lighter in colour.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of lentigines includes dermoscopic examination, which allows the dermatologist to accurately assess the nature of the lesion. If necessary, a biopsy may be performed to exclude malignant lesions.

Treatment of lentigines

Pharmacological methods

Treatment of lentigines spots may include the use of bleaching creams containing hydroquinone or retinoids. These substances help to lighten the spots and even out the skin tone.

Dermatological treatments

For more visible or troublesome lentigines spots, a dermatologist may recommend treatments such as cryotherapy, laser therapy or chemical peels. These treatments are effective in reducing the visibility of the spots.

Natural and home remedies

Some people opt to use natural treatments such as lemon juice or aloe vera, which have brightening properties. While these methods can be effective in relieving symptoms, their effectiveness is usually less than professional treatments.

Prevention

The importance of sun protection

Sun protection is a key element in the prevention of lentigines spots. Using creams with a high UV filter, wearing protective clothing and avoiding the sun during peak sunlight hours can significantly reduce the risk of developing them.

Regular dermatological examinations

Regular visits to the dermatologist are important for early detection and monitoring of lentigines spots. A professional assessment can identify lesions that may require further diagnosis or treatment.

Lentigines and cancer risk

Lentigines and melanoma

Although most lentigines spots are benign, some can develop into cancerous lesions such as melanoma. It is therefore important to regularly observe any changes in their appearance and report them to your dermatologist.

When can a lentigines spot be dangerous?

A lentigines spot can become dangerous if it starts to change colour, shape or size, or if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as itching or bleeding. In such cases, prompt dermatological consultation is essential.

Summary

Lentigines spots, although often benign, require attention and regular observation. Their early detection and treatment can prevent more serious skin problems. Protection from the sun and regular visits to the dermatologist are key to managing these lesions.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about lentigines spots

• **Can lentigines spots disappear on their own?**Lentigines spots rarely disappear on their own, but their appearance can be reduced with the right treatments.

• **Can children get lentigines spots?**Yes, although it is less common than in adults, children can also get lentigines spots.

Myths and facts about lentigines spots

• "Lentigines spots are always dangerous". This is a myth. Most are benign, but do require observation.

Bibliography

• "Dermatology: An Illustrated Colour Text" - Rona M. Mackie
• "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine" - Klaus Wolff
• Scientific articles from dermatology journals available in medical databases such as PubMed.