Scabies

Introduction

Scabies, also known as scabies, is an infectious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a condition that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. Scabies has a long history, with the first references to the disease appearing as far back as ancient Egypt. Today, while it is more common in developing countries, it can occur anywhere there is a high population density. The epidemiology of scabies indicates that it is highly contagious, requiring extreme caution in human contact.

Symptoms of scabies

Scabies in adults often manifests as intense itching, which intensifies at night. Small blisters and papules on the skin are also visible, especially in areas such as the wrists, interdigital spaces, armpits, and genital area. In children and infants, symptoms may be more generalized. They often occur on the face, which is rare in adults. It is worth noting that scabies can be confused with other skin diseases, such as eczema or allergies, so accurate diagnosis is key.

Causes and mechanism of infection

Scabies is caused by mites that tunnel into the stratum corneum. Infection usually occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. Less commonly, infection can occur through sharing personal items such as bedding or clothing. Risk factors include living in crowded conditions, frequent changes of sexual partners and weakened immunity. In such conditions, it is easier for mites to spread.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of scabies is usually based on clinical evaluation of symptoms and the patient's history. A dermatologist may perform microscopic examination of skin scrapings to confirm the presence of mites or their eggs. There are also immunological tests that can help confirm the diagnosis. An accurate diagnosis is important to avoid confusion with other skin diseases and to administer appropriate treatment.

Treatment of scabies

Treatment of scabies includes the use of prescription medications such as permethrin or ivermectin. In some cases, antihistamines are also recommended to help relieve itching. There are also home remedies for scabies that can support drug therapy. Natural methods such as tea tree oil and sulfur baths can be helpful, although not always effective as the only treatment. Consultation with a doctor is always recommended before starting any therapy.

Prevention

Prevention of scabies consists primarily of maintaining high standards of personal hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected persons. Regular washing and disinfecting of clothing and bedding can prevent the spread of mites. In public places, such as gyms and swimming pools, it is advisable to exercise caution and use your own towels and clothing.

Scabies in animals

Although scabies in pets, such as dogs and cats, is caused by different species of mites, symptoms can be similar and include intense itching and loss of hair. It is important that if you notice such symptoms in your pets, you should consult a veterinarian and get appropriate treatment. Regular check-ups and the use of mite repellents can help protect pets.

Frequently asked questions

Is scabies contagious?

Yes, scabies is highly contagious and is easily transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact.

How long does it take to treat?

Treatment of scabies usually takes 1 to 2 weeks, but the itching may persist longer.

Can scabies be contracted from animals?

Animals can get scabies, but different from humans. The risk of transmission to humans is small.

Summary

Scabies is a common skin disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent the spread of mites. Understanding the symptoms and following the doctor's recommendations for treatment and prevention is key. Early intervention and hygiene education can significantly reduce the risk of infection.

Sources and literature

• "Scabies - symptoms, diagnosis and treatment," Dermatological Review
• "Epidemiology of scabies," Journal of Medical Entomology
• Links to medical websites and scientific publications on scabies.