Diagnosis of venereal diseases

Introduction

STDs, also known as sexually transmitted diseases, are a significant public health problem worldwide. Understanding what these diseases are and how they can be diagnosed is key to effective prevention and treatment. Early diagnosis is fundamental to avoid the complications that can result from untreated infections.

Symptoms of venereal diseases

Symptoms in men

Men may experience different symptoms depending on the type of infection. Typical symptoms include pain during urination, discharge from the penis, or itching in the genital area.

Symptoms in women

In women, symptoms may be more subtle. There is often discharge, lower abdominal pain, and intermenstrual bleeding. Sometimes there is a burning sensation during urination.

Common symptoms

Some symptoms can occur in both sexes, such as skin rashes, fever or general malaise. It is important not to ignore any worrying changes.

Diagnosis of venereal diseases

When to come in for testing?

It is recommended that sexually active people, especially those with multiple partners, have regular STD tests. Special attention should be paid to any worrying symptoms.

Types of diagnostic tests

• Laboratory tests: include blood, urine and genital swabs. They are the most accurate and are recommended by specialists.
• Home tests: self-sampling kits are available that can be sent to a laboratory. Although convenient, they may be less accurate.

Preparing for testing

Before testing, it is a good idea to read the preparation instructions, which may include avoiding certain medications or sexual abstinence for a certain period of time.

The most common STDs

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STD and is often asymptomatic. Treatment is simple, but untreated it can lead to serious complications.

Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is also sometimes asymptomatic, but can lead to inflammation of the small pelvic organs in women and epididymitis in men.

Syphilis

Syphilis progresses in several stages, starting with a small, painless ulcer. If untreated, it can lead to serious damage to internal organs.

HIV

HIV attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving quality of life.

HPV

HPV is the virus responsible for genital warts and is associated with the risk of cervical cancer.

Treatment of venereal diseases

Available treatment methods

The treatment of venereal disease depends on the type of infection. For bacteria, such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea, antibiotics are used. Viruses, such as HIV, require antiretroviral therapy.

Importance of early treatment

Early intervention helps prevent complications and reduces transmission of the disease to other sexual partners.

Potential complications of untreated diseases

Some diseases, if left untreated, can lead to serious health problems such as infertility, chronic pain or damage to internal organs.

Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases

Methods of preventing infection

The most effective way to prevent STDs is to use condoms and limit the number of sexual partners. Regular testing also helps to identify and treat infections at an early stage.

Sex education

Sex education plays a key role in the prevention of STDs. Awareness of the modes of transmission and symptoms of diseases allows for more responsible sexual behaviour.

Venereal diseases and pregnancy

Risks for mother and baby

STDs can have serious consequences for pregnant women and their babies, including premature birth, low birth weight and infection of the newborn.

Recommendations for pregnant women

Pregnant women should be regularly screened for STDs. Early detection and treatment are key to protecting the health of mother and child.

Summary

Screening and early diagnosis are key to successful treatment of STDs. Regular testing and sex education can significantly reduce the risk of infection and its spread. Remember that sexual health is an important part of overall health and well-being.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

Do STDs always produce symptoms?

No, many STDs can be asymptomatic, which highlights the importance of regular testing.

How often should people be tested for STDs?

Sexually active people, especially those with multiple partners, should consider regular testing every 6-12 months.