Lichen planus

Introduction

Lichen planus, also known as lichen ruber planus, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterised by flat, polygonal papules with a purplish colour. Although the disease can affect people of different ages, it is most commonly diagnosed in adults. Epidemiology suggests that it occurs in approximately 1% of the population, but the exact number of cases may be underestimated due to the mild symptoms in some patients.

What is lichen planus?

Lichen planus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own cells in the skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms may appear suddenly or develop gradually, and the severity varies from patient to patient.

Symptoms of lichen planus

Skin manifestations

Lichen planus is primarily manifested by skin lesions in the form of purple, flat papules. These may itch, which is often a source of discomfort for the patient. These lesions most commonly appear on the wrists, lower back and ankles.

Oral manifestations

Lichen planus can also affect the mucous membranes of the mouth, where it manifests as white, reticulated lesions, often located on the cheeks and tongue. These symptoms can lead to pain when eating or speaking.

Nail and scalp symptoms

Sometimes lichen planus affects the nails, leading to nail overgrowth, brittleness or even atrophy. On the scalp, the disease can cause scarring and hair loss.

Causes and risk factors

Genetic factors

Although the exact causes of lichen planus are not fully understood, it is thought that genetics may play a role in its development. People with a family history of autoimmune disease may be at higher risk of developing lichen planus.

Association with autoimmune diseases

Lichen planus often occurs in people with other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. It is thought that an abnormal immune system response may be a trigger.

Impact of stress and lifestyle

Stress is one of the factors that can exacerbate the symptoms of lichen planus. In addition, an unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet and lack of physical activity, can affect the overall health and course of the disease.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic methods

The diagnosis of lichen planus is most often based on clinical examination and medical history. The dermatologist may identify characteristic skin lesions during physical examination.

Role of biopsy in diagnosis

In some cases, a skin biopsy is recommended to confirm the diagnosis. A biopsy involves taking a small section of the skin lesion and analysing it microscopically to exclude other dermatological diseases.

Treatment

Pharmacological treatment

Standard treatment of lichen planus includes the use of topical or general corticosteroids to help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, immunosuppressants may be recommended.

Natural methods to relieve symptoms

Some patients find relief with natural methods such as aloe vera, which has a soothing effect, or coconut oil, which moisturises the skin and can reduce itching.

The importance of diet and lifestyle

Dietary changes, such as avoiding pro-inflammatory foods and increasing antioxidant intake, can support drug treatment. Regular exercise and relaxation techniques, such as meditation or yoga, can also benefit the disease.

Lichen planus in different patient groups

Lichen planus in children

Although lichen planus is less common in children, its course may be more benign than in adults. Symptoms are often limited to the skin and resolve spontaneously within a few months.

Differences between adults and children

In adults, lichen planus may have a more chronic course and symptoms may require long-term treatment. Spontaneous remission is more common in children, which is a favourable prognosis.

Complications and long-term effects

Possible complications

Complications of lichen planus may include scarring, particularly in scalp or nail lesions. In rare cases, oral lesions can lead to squamous cell carcinoma.

Long-term management of the disease

Long-term management of impetigo includes regular dermatological checks and adjusting treatment depending on the severity of symptoms. It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle to minimise the risk of recurrence.

Prevention and relapse prevention

Importance of a healthy lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity, can help prevent recurrence of lichen planus. Avoiding stress and using relaxation techniques are also important.

Regular dermatological check-ups

Regular visits to the dermatologist are key to monitoring the course of the disease and detecting possible complications early. They also allow treatment to be adjusted as necessary.

Patients' experiences

People with impetigo often share their experiences, which can be a valuable resource for other patients. Many emphasise the importance of support from family and friends and the benefits of attending support groups.

Stories and advice from people with lichen planus

Patients often advise not to underestimate the symptoms and to seek medical help immediately. They also stress the importance of taking care of their mental health and following their doctor's advice regularly.

Summary

Lichen planus is a chronic disease that can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Early recognition and appropriate treatment that can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications is key. It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and have regular dermatological check-ups. If lichen planus is suspected, it is always worth consulting your doctor to discuss the best treatment options.