Impetigo

What is infectious impetigo?

Infectious impetigo, also known as impetigo, is a common bacterial infection of the skin. It is characterised by lesions in the form of blisters, which over time develop into honey-yellow scabs. Impetigo is particularly common in children, but can occur at any age.

Definition and characteristics

It is an infection caused by bacteria, usually streptococci or staphylococci. It manifests as skin lesions that can be painful and itchy. The infection is highly contagious, making it a problem particularly in schools and nurseries.

History and epidemiology

Infectious impetigo has been known for centuries and was described as far back as antiquity. It is now found worldwide, with greater frequency in warm climates. Contemporary studies indicate an increase in cases in developed countries, which is associated with greater awareness and better diagnosis.

Causes of infectious impetigo

Infectious impetigo is caused by bacteria that can penetrate damaged skin. Infection usually occurs through direct contact with the affected person or through objects such as towels or bedding.

Risk factors

Pre-school and school-age children are most at risk of developing impetigo, especially during the summer months. Other risk factors include poor hygiene, crowded environments and the presence of other skin conditions that can damage the skin barrier.

How does infection occur?

Bacteria enter the body through minor wounds, scratches or insect bites. The infection spreads easily in environments where people have close physical contact, such as schools and care homes.

Symptoms of infectious impetigo

The symptoms of infectious impetigo vary depending on the age of the patient and may resemble other skin problems. They usually start as red patches that quickly develop into fluid-filled vesicles.

Symptoms in children

In children, impetigo often occurs around the nose and mouth, but can appear anywhere on the body. The blisters burst easily, leaving characteristic yellow scabs. Children may feel itchy and uncomfortable, increasing the risk of further spreading the infection.

Symptoms in adults

In adults, symptoms may be less pronounced, but still include blisters and scabs. Adults are more likely to develop impetigo in areas where the skin is damaged, such as after shaving.

How do I distinguish impetigo from other skin diseases?

Lichen can be confused with herpes or allergic rashes. The key is to pay attention to the characteristic honey-yellow scabs and the rapid spread of the skin lesions.

Diagnosis of impetigo

The diagnosis of impetigo is usually based on a thorough physical examination. In some cases, the doctor may order additional tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Examination and tests

Laboratory tests, such as bacterial cultures, are sometimes performed to identify the specific strain of bacteria responsible for the infection. This is particularly important in cases of recurrent infections or lack of response to standard treatment.

The dermatologist's role in diagnosis

A dermatologist can help distinguish impetigo from other similar skin conditions. The specialist can also advise on the best treatment strategy and precautions to prevent recurrence.

Treatment of impetigo

Treatment of impetigo is crucial to prevent its spread and complications. Different treatments are used depending on the severity of the symptoms.

Pharmacotherapy

Ointments and creams

Topical treatment with antibacterial ointments or creams is often sufficient for mild infections. These preparations help to reduce the bacterial count and accelerate healing.

Oral antibiotics

In more severe cases or when the infection covers larger areas of the body, the doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics. It is important to complete a full course of antibiotics, even if the symptoms resolve early.

Home treatment and natural remedies

In addition to pharmacotherapy, home remedies such as applying warm compresses to the affected areas and keeping them clean can be helpful. Avoiding scratching the lesions and washing hands regularly also contribute to faster recovery.

Duration of treatment

Treatment time depends on the severity of the infection, but most cases of impetigo resolve within 7-10 days with appropriate treatment.

Prevention of impetigo

Prevention of impetigo focuses mainly on maintaining personal hygiene and avoiding contact with infected people.

Personal hygiene

Washing hands regularly, avoiding sharing personal items such as towels or clothes, and disinfecting surfaces can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Keeping wounds and cuts clean also helps with prevention.

Precautions in public places

In environments where close contact is easy, such as schools and nurseries, it is important that children with symptoms of impetigo are isolated and treated as soon as possible. Hygiene education in these settings is key.

Complications of infectious impetigo

Although most cases of infectious impetigo do not lead to serious health problems, untreated impetigo can lead to complications.

Possible complications

Complications may include the spread of infection to other parts of the body, the development of abscesses or secondary infection with other bacteria. In rare cases, more serious complications such as nephritis can occur.

When to visit the doctor?

If the infection does not respond to home treatment or the symptoms worsen, a doctor should be consulted immediately. Early intervention can prevent the development of complications.

Infectious impetigo and lifestyle

Infection can affect daily life, especially for children who may be excluded from school or pre-school activities.

Impact on daily functioning

Infectious impetigo can cause discomfort and reduce self-confidence, especially if the skin lesions are visible. It is important to provide emotional support to those affected by the infection.

Tips for parents of children with impetigo

Parents should monitor their child's health and ensure that they follow hygiene rules. Liaising with teachers and caregivers in the nursery can help keep other children healthy.

Summary

Key information

Lichen contagiosus is a common bacterial infection that is highly contagious but usually easy to treat. Prompt recognition and implementation of appropriate treatment to prevent the spread of the infection is key.

Future prospects for the treatment of infectious impetigo

Medical advances may help to develop more effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of impetigo in the future. Public awareness and education about hygiene remain key elements in the fight against this infection.