Dandruff (Pityriasis Versicolor)

Introduction

Dandruff, also known as Pityriasis Versicolor, is a common fungal skin infection that affects people worldwide. The condition is not serious, but can be bothersome due to its impact on skin aesthetics and sense of comfort. Dandruff is characterised by scaly patches on the skin that can change colour, becoming lighter or darker than the surrounding skin. It often occurs in young adults, but can also affect children and the elderly.

Although scruffy dandruff is not contagious, its incidence is quite common, especially in warm and humid climates. Awareness of the symptoms and treatment methods is key to managing it effectively. In this article, we will discuss the most important aspects of dandruff scabies, including its causes, symptoms, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies.

Symptoms of dandruff mottling

How do you recognise dandruff?

Dandruff vulgaris is mainly manifested by skin lesions that can be difficult to notice, especially at first. Characteristic of this disease are patches on the skin that differ in colour from the normal skin tone. These spots can be lighter or darker, depending on the natural colour of the skin and exposure to the sun.

Characteristic skin lesions

The skin lesions in dandruff vulgaris are usually scaly and may occur on the chest, back, shoulders and face. The skin in these areas may itch, although this symptom is not present in all patients. It is worth noting lesions that do not resolve despite the use of normal moisturisers.

Causes and risk factors

Factors contributing to the development of dandruff

Dandruff is caused by fungi of the genus Malassezia, which are naturally found on the skin. The problem arises when these fungi begin to multiply uncontrollably. Factors favouring this process include high humidity, warm climates and excessive sweating. In addition, people with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes or those taking immunosuppressive medication, are more likely to develop this infection.

The role of Malassezia fungi

Malassezia is a type of fungus that lives on the surface of most people's skin and is part of the natural skin flora. Under normal circumstances, they do not cause any problems. However, certain circumstances, such as hormonal disorders, can favour their excessive growth, leading to the development of scabby dandruff.

Diagnosis

How to diagnose dandruff with scruff?

The diagnosis of dandruff vulgaris is usually based on the characteristic appearance of the skin lesions. The dermatologist can diagnose the condition based on the physical examination and the patient's history. In some cases, the doctor may order additional tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Examinations and tests to aid diagnosis

One of the most commonly used tests is the Wood's lamp test, which emits ultraviolet light under which the skin lesions characteristic of dandruff may glow yellow-green. Another test is to take scrapings from the skin surface and analyse them under a microscope to identify the presence of Malassezia fungi.

Treatment of dandruff

Pharmacological treatments

The most commonly used medications for the treatment of dandruff vulgaris are antifungal agents available as creams, ointments, shampoos or tablets. These medications help to control fungal growth on the skin and relieve symptoms. For more severe cases, the doctor may prescribe oral antifungal drugs.

Home remedies for dandruff vulgaris

In addition to medications, there are also home remedies that can help treat dandruff of cystic fibrosis. These include the use of natural remedies such as tea tree oil, which has antifungal properties. However, it is important to consult your doctor before using any home remedies to ensure that they are safe and effective.

Duration of treatment

Treatment of dandruff can last from a few weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the symptoms and the effectiveness of the treatment used. Recurrences are possible, so it is important to follow medical advice and take appropriate skin care even after the symptoms have disappeared.

Prevention and care

How to prevent the recurrence of dandruff?

Prevention of scruffy dandruff involves maintaining good skin hygiene and avoiding factors that encourage excessive fungal growth. Washing the skin regularly and using anti-fungal shampoos can help prevent recurrences. It is also important to avoid wearing tight clothing, which can cause excessive sweating.

The importance of hygiene and skin care

Adequate skin care is a key element in preventing scabby dandruff. Care should be taken to wash regularly, especially after exercise, and to use appropriate skin care products that do not disturb the skin's natural balance. It is also a good idea to keep the skin dry, as moisture promotes fungal growth.

Dandruff and lifestyle

The effect of diet on dandruff

Although diet is not a direct cause of dandruff of cystic fibrosis, a healthy diet can support the immune system in the fight against infection. A diet rich in vitamins and minerals, including zinc and vitamin C, can help maintain healthy skin and prevent recurrence.

How do climate and environment affect the development of the disease?

Climate and environment have a major impact on the development of dandruff vulgaris. The disease is more common in regions with high humidity and warm climates, where conditions favour the proliferation of fungi. People living in such regions should take special care with skin hygiene and avoid excessive sweating.

Dandruff in different age groups

Children and dandruff

Dandruff is rare in children, but when it does occur it can be difficult to diagnose due to the delicate skin and vague symptoms. It is worth looking out for any skin lesions in children and consulting a dermatologist if they have the characteristic features of dandruff of croup.

Dandruff in adults

Adults are more susceptible to developing dandruff vulgaris, especially those in young adulthood. In adults, the condition is often associated with hormonal factors, stress and a busy lifestyle. Regular skin checks and preventive measures can help minimise the risk of recurrence.

Differences between dandruff and other skin diseases

Comparison with other fungal infections

Dandruff vulgaris is one of many fungal infections of the skin, but differs from other diseases, such as dermatophytosis, in that it causes lesions of varying shades that are not always itchy. Dermatomycosis, on the other hand, often manifests as itchy red patches.

How do you differentiate dandruff from other skin lesions?

Differentiating dandruff from other skin lesions can be difficult without appropriate investigations. It is worth noting characteristic features such as flaking skin and colour change, and consulting a dermatologist if in doubt.

Summary

Dandruff vulgaris is a condition that, although not dangerous, can affect patients' quality of life due to skin aesthetics. It is crucial to understand the symptoms and risk factors and to use appropriate treatment and prevention methods. It is also important to consult a doctor if you have any doubts or new symptoms to confirm the diagnosis and get the right treatment.

Sources

The knowledge contained in this article is based on current medical recommendations and scientific literature available in the field of dermatology. If additional information is needed, it is advisable to consult scientific publications and a specialist.