Molluscum contagiosum

What is molluscum contagiosum?

Infectious molluscum, also known as Molluscum Contagiosum, is a viral infection of the skin that leads to the appearance of small, raised papules. The disease most commonly affects children, but can occur in any age group.

Definition and characteristics

Molluscum contagiosum manifests as pearly papules with a central depression. The lesions are generally painless, but may cause itching. They occur most commonly on the face, trunk and extremities.

Causative agents

The disease is caused by a virus of the Poxviridae family. Infection occurs through direct contact with infected skin or through contact with contaminated objects.

Symptoms of molluscum contagiosum

How do I recognise cutaneous lesions?

Molluscum contagiosum skin lesions have a characteristic appearance: they are small, 2 to 5 mm in diameter, and often appear in groups. A central depression is a diagnostic feature.

Differences in symptoms in children and adults

In children, the lesions are often multiple and can occur all over the body. In adults, they are usually limited to a few sites, often result from sexual contact and appear on the genitals, abdomen and thighs.

Causes and risk factors

How does infection occur?

Infection occurs through direct contact with a skin lesion or through contact with contaminated objects such as towels or clothing. The high infectivity of the virus makes it easily transmitted in the home and school environment.

Who is most at risk?

Children, immunocompromised people and those involved in contact sports are most at risk. People who use public swimming pools may also be at higher risk of infection.

Diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical appearance of the lesions. Dermatologists may use dermatoscopy to better view the structure of the lesions. In rare cases, a biopsy is necessary.

Differentiation from other skin diseases

Molluscum contagiosum should be differentiated from viral warts, which are rougher and do not have a central depression. Also, infectious impetigo can be confused with molluscum but has more purulent characteristics.

Treatment of infectious molluscum

Pharmacological treatment

Although infectious molluscum often resolves spontaneously, pharmacological treatment may include topical agents with nitrous oxide or salicylic acid.

Home remedies for molluscum contagiosum

Some people use natural methods such as essential oils or apple cider vinegar. It is important to consult a doctor before starting a home treatment.

When is medical intervention necessary?

Medical intervention is recommended if there are a large number of lesions, symptoms of secondary infection or no improvement after home treatment.

Prevention of molluscum contagiosum

Personal hygiene

Washing hands regularly, avoiding sharing personal items and maintaining hygiene in public places are basic principles of prevention.

Precautions in public places

When using swimming pools, it is a good idea to wear your own towel and flip-flops. This reduces the risk of contact with the virus.

Complications and long-term effects

Possible complications

Although rare, secondary infections or scarring may occur after the lesions have resolved.

Impact on the patient's quality of life

Skin lesions can be a source of emotional distress, especially in children and adolescents.

Molluscum contagiosum and the immune system

How does the disease affect immunity?

Although molluscum contagious does not directly affect the immune system, people with weakened immunity may experience a more severe course.

Importance of the immune system in the fight against infection

A strong immune system can speed up the healing process and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Molluscum contagiosum in different age groups

Infants and children

In the youngest, lesions may be more extensive due to more frequent physical contact with infected objects or people.

Adults and the elderly

Adults may expose themselves to infection through sexual contact, while in older people symptoms may be more severe due to a natural weakening of immunity.

Summary

Key information

Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin infection that usually resolves spontaneously. However, good hygiene and awareness can help prevent and manage the disease.

When to seek medical help?

It is a good idea to consult a doctor if the skin lesions are numerous, do not resolve or additional symptoms such as pain or infection appear.

Frequently asked questions

Is molluscum contagious?

Yes, it is highly contagious and is easily transmitted through direct contact and contaminated objects.

What are the best methods of treatment?

The best methods include both drug treatment and home remedies, depending on the severity of the symptoms and the patient's preference.