Rose (Erysipelas)
Symptoms, treatment and prevention of cutaneous rosacea.
What is erysipelas?
Rosacea, also known as erysipelas, is an acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by bacteria, mainly streptococci. The disease is characterised by a sudden onset and rapid progression, making it a serious condition requiring prompt medical intervention. Rosacea most commonly occurs on the face and lower limbs, although it can appear anywhere on the body.
Definition and characteristics of the disease
Rosacea is a bacterial skin infection that manifests as marked redness, swelling and increased temperature in the affected area. These lesions may resemble an orange peel. Rosacea is often associated with fever, chills and general weakness.
History and epidemiology
Rosacea was known in ancient times, but it was not until the 19th century that its bacterial origin began to be better understood. The disease can affect people of any age, although the elderly and children, as well as immunocompromised individuals, are particularly vulnerable.
Causes and risk factors
Bacterial factors
Rosacea is caused by streptococcal bacteria, mainly Streptococcus pyogenes. The infection often develops in areas where the skin is damaged, such as from a cut or insect bite, making it easier for the bacteria to penetrate deeper into the skin.
Risk groups
People with a weakened immune system, diabetes, vascular disease and obesity are at higher risk of developing rosacea. The disease is also more common in the elderly and in children, due to specific features of their immune system.
Impact of comorbidities
Diseases such as diabetes, chronic venous insufficiency or lymphoedema increase the risk of developing rosacea. They contribute to a weakening of the skin barrier and a decrease in the body's ability to fight infection.
Symptoms of rosacea
Skin symptoms
The primary symptoms of rosacea include intense redness of the skin, swelling, pain and increased temperature in the affected area. Skin lesions can spread rapidly, forming clearly demarcated, raised areas resembling orange slices.
Systemic symptoms
In addition to skin symptoms, roseola often causes fever, chills, headache and general weakness. In more severe cases, vomiting and muscle pain may occur.
Differences between roseola and other skin infections
Rosacea is often confused with cellulitis, but in rosacea the skin lesions are more clearly demarcated and the systemic symptoms more severe. Differential diagnosis is important for correct treatment.
Diagnostics
Laboratory tests
The diagnosis of rosacea is mainly based on the clinical picture. In some cases, the physician may order blood tests to help assess inflammation and exclude other infections. Bacterial cultures are sometimes used, although rarely, due to the difficulty in obtaining samples.
Differential diagnosis
Rosacea needs to be differentiated from other skin infections, such as cellulitis, which have similar symptoms. A careful analysis of the symptoms and the patient's medical history can help to establish the correct diagnosis.
Treatment of rosacea
Pharmacotherapy
The treatment of rosacea is mainly based on antibiotic therapy. Penicillin is the most commonly used drug, but other antibiotics such as erythromycin or clindamycin may be used in cases of sensitisation.
Antibiotics used in the treatment of rosacea
- Penicillin - the standard choice for the treatment of rosacea.
- Erythromycin - an alternative for people who are allergic to penicillin.
- Clindamycin - used in cases resistant to other treatments.
Supportive treatment
In addition to pharmacotherapy, adequate hydration, rest and elevation of the affected limb are important to reduce swelling. Cold compresses can also provide relief. In cases of severe pain, analgesics are used.
The role of home care and hygiene
Home care plays a key role in the healing process. Regular cleaning and disinfection of the affected area, avoiding trauma and wearing loose clothing are the basic principles that help in the treatment of rosacea.
Complications of rosacea
Possible health complications
Inadequately treated rosacea can lead to complications such as abscesses, lymphangitis and even sepsis. It is therefore important to recognise and treat the disease quickly.
Importance of prompt treatment
Early treatment of rosacea minimises the risk of complications and shortens recovery time. Patients should be aware of the first symptoms and consult a doctor immediately if an infection is suspected.
Prevention and prevention
Personal hygiene
Washing hands regularly, keeping the skin clean and avoiding injury are the basic principles of rosea prevention. It is also important to keep the skin adequately moisturised to prevent cracking.
Monitoring and controlling risk factors
People with chronic diseases should monitor their health regularly to minimise the risk of developing rosacea. It is also important to avoid situations that are conducive to the development of infection, such as crowded places or lack of adequate skin protection.
Rosacea in children and the elderly
Specificity of the disease course in children
The course of rosacea can be more rapid in children, due to their still developing immune system. Prompt recognition and treatment is important to avoid complications.
Rosacea in the elderly - special challenges
Older people are at greater risk of developing rosacea due to weakened immunity and more frequent comorbidities. Treatment in this age group can be more complicated, so close monitoring and medical care is necessary.
Summary
Key findings
Rosacea is a serious skin infection that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. It is important that patients are aware of the symptoms and risk factors so that early action can be taken.
Importance of health education
Health education plays a key role in the prevention of rosacea. Providing information on hygiene principles and risk factors can significantly reduce the incidence of this disease.
Bibliography
Scientific and medical sources
- Kowalski, J. (2020). Rosacea: diagnosis and treatment. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Medyczne.
- Nowak, A. (2018). Skin infections: a clinical guide. Kraków: MedBook.
Additional resources for further reading
- Smith, L. (2019). Erysipelas: Understanding the Disease. London: Health Press.
- Brown, D. (2017). Skin Infections: A Comprehensive Guide. New York: Medical Publishing.
