Scabies

Introduction

Scabies, also known as scabies, is an infectious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a condition that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. Scabies has a long history, with the first references to the disease appearing as far back as ancient Egypt. Today, although it is more common in developing countries, it can occur wherever there is a high population density. The epidemiology of scabies indicates that it is highly contagious, requiring extreme caution in human contact.

Symptoms of scabies

Scabies in adults often manifests as intense pruritus that intensifies at night. Small blisters and papules are also visible on the skin, especially in areas such as the wrists, interdigital spaces, armpits and genital area. In children and infants, symptoms may be more generalised. They often occur on the face, which is rare in adults. It is worth noting that scabies can be confused with other skin conditions, such as eczema or allergies, so an accurate diagnosis is crucial.

Causes and mechanism of infection

Scabies is caused by mites that burrow tunnels in the stratum corneum. Infection usually occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. Less commonly, infection can occur through sharing personal items such as bedding or clothing. Risk factors include living in crowded conditions, frequent changes of sexual partners and weakened immunity. These conditions make it easier for mites to spread.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of scabies is usually based on clinical assessment of symptoms and patient history. The dermatologist may perform microscopic examination of skin scrapings to confirm the presence of mites or their eggs. There are also immunological tests that can help confirm the diagnosis. An accurate diagnosis is important to avoid confusion with other skin diseases and to administer appropriate treatment.

Treatment of scabies

Treatment of scabies includes the use of prescription medications such as permethrin or ivermectin. In some cases, antihistamines are also recommended to help relieve itching. There are also home remedies for scabies that can support drug therapy. Natural methods such as tea tree oil or sulphur baths can be helpful, although not always effective as the only treatment. Consultation with a doctor is always recommended before starting any treatment.

Prevention

Prevention of scabies consists primarily of maintaining high standards of personal hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected people. Regular washing and disinfection of clothing and bedding can prevent the spread of mites. In public places, such as gyms or swimming pools, it is advisable to be careful and use your own towels and clothing.

Scabies in animals

Although scabies in pets, such as dogs and cats, is caused by a different species of mite, symptoms can be similar and include intense itching and loss of hair. It is important that if you notice such symptoms in your pets, a vet is consulted and appropriate treatment is administered. Regular checks and the use of mite repellents can help to protect pets.

Frequently asked questions

Is scabies contagious?

Yes, scabies is highly contagious and is easily transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact.

How long does it take to treat?

Treatment of scabies usually takes 1 to 2 weeks, but the itching may persist longer.

Can scabies be contracted from animals?

Animals can get scabies, but different from humans. The risk of transmission to humans is low.

Summary

Scabies is a common skin disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent the spread of mites. Understanding the symptoms and following the doctor's recommendations for treatment and prevention is key. Early intervention and hygiene education can significantly reduce the risk of infection.

Sources and literature

• "Scabies - symptoms, diagnosis and treatment", Dermatological Review
• "Epidemiology of scabies", Journal of Medical Entomology
• Links to medical websites and scientific publications on scabies.