Nevus pigmentosus
What is a pigmented nevus and how to recognise it?
Introduction
What is a pigmented nevus?
A pigmented nevus, also known as a nevus, is a skin lesion resulting from the accumulation of melanocytes, the pigment cells of the skin. Such nevi can range in form and colour from light brown to black. They are usually benign, but their presence on the skin requires vigilance, as some can evolve into malignant lesions.
Why is it important to pay attention to nevi?
Observation of pigmented nevi is important because some can develop into melanoma - one of the most aggressive skin cancers. Regular inspection and awareness of the features to look out for can help to detect potentially dangerous lesions early.
Types of pigmented nevi
Congenital nevi
Congenital nevi are those that are present on the skin from birth. They can vary in size and shape, as well as the degree of pigmentation. In some cases, these nevi may be larger and more prominent, which may influence the decision to monitor or remove them.
Acquired nevi
Acquired nevi appear on the skin after birth, usually in childhood or adolescence. They can be the result of genetics, but also sun exposure. Acquired nevi are usually smaller and less intensely coloured compared to congenital nevi.
Causes of pigmented nevi
Genetic factors
Genetics plays an important role in the formation of pigmented nevi. People with a family history of multiple nevi or melanoma are more likely to develop nevi. It is worth noting the number and type of nevi in the family, which can help to assess risk.
Effects of UV radiation
UV radiation is one of the main external factors influencing the development of pigmented nevi. Overexposure to the sun, especially at a young age, can lead to the formation of new nevi and changes in the nature of existing nevi. Therefore, sun protection is crucial for prevention.
How to recognise a pigmented nevus?
Characteristic features
The hallmark of a pigmented nevus is its flat or slightly convex surface, uniform colour and regular shape. These nevi can be round or oval and usually do not exceed a few millimetres in diameter.
When can a nevus be dangerous?
Nevi that change colour, shape, size or start to bleed can be dangerous. Attention should also be paid to moles that differ from others on the body ("ugly duckling" syndrome). These types of lesions require consultation with a dermatologist.
Pigmented nevi and melanoma
How to distinguish between a pigmented nevus and melanoma?
Melanoma differs from pigmented nevi mainly by its irregular shape, variety of colours and rapid growth. It is useful to follow the "ABCDE" principle, which includes: asymmetry, edges, colour, diameter and evolution of the lesions.
The importance of regular dermatological examinations
Regular dermatological examinations are crucial for the early detection of melanoma. People with multiple nevi or other risk factors should regularly consult their skin condition with a dermatologist at least once a year.
Removal methods for pigmented nevi
When is it advisable to remove a nevus?
Removal of a pigmented nevus is recommended when it shows suspicious features such as rapid growth, change in colour or shape, and when it is located in an area prone to trauma. It is also worth considering the removal of nevi for aesthetic reasons, especially if they are in visible areas.
Laser nevus removal
Laser nevus removal is a modern method that uses laser light to precisely remove a skin lesion. It is less invasive than surgical removal and often leaves no scarring.
Surgical removal of nevi
Surgical removal of nevi is a traditional method that involves excision of the skin lesion using a scalpel. This method is mainly used for larger nevi or those that require histopathological examination.
Skin care for pigmented nevi
How do I care for my skin with nevi?
Skin care for skin with pigmented nevi should include regular moisturising and avoiding irritating cosmetics. It is also important to monitor nevi and keep them clean to avoid irritation.
The importance of sun protection
Sun protection is crucial in preventing skin damage and the formation of new nevi. Using UV sunscreen, wearing hats and avoiding the sun during peak sunlight hours are basic principles of protection.
Pigmented nevi in children
Are nevi in children dangerous?
Nevi in children are usually not dangerous, but they do require observation. Lesions that appear suddenly or show rapid growth should be consulted with a doctor. It is also important to monitor nevi in areas exposed to trauma, such as the hands or feet.
When to consult a dermatologist?
Consultation with a dermatologist is advisable when nevi in children change colour, shape or size, or when new, unusual lesions appear. Regular examinations can help to detect possible problems early.
Summary
The importance of monitoring pigmented nevi
Monitoring pigmented nevi is crucial in preventing their transformation into malignant lesions. Regular self-examination, documentation of lesions and dermatological consultations can help maintain skin health.
When to see a specialist?
You should see a dermatologist when you notice changes in the appearance of a birthmark, the appearance of pain, itching or bleeding. The specialist will assess whether the nevus requires further examination or removal.
FAQ
Does every pigmented nevus require removal?
Not every pigmented nevus requires removal. Removal is only recommended if the nevus shows suspicious features or is in a trauma-prone area.
How often should a pigmented nevus be examined?
Regular examinations of pigmented nevi at least once a year are recommended, especially in people with multiple nevi or additional risk factors. Self-checks can be carried out more frequently, e.g. every few months.
